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AEROTECT

Standards and compliance

The regulatory landscape the DRID works in

Drone detection through Remote ID only works because published standards sit behind it. Below is which ones, what each prescribes and which part the DRID performs. This is the page you forward to a technical evaluator.

Remote ID

Where the obligation comes from

Remote ID is not a manufacturer preference but a European requirement. Two regulations impose it; two standards describe what the signal looks like.

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/945

    Determines what a drone must broadcast

    Delegated Regulation on unmanned aircraft systems

    Sets out classes C0 through C6 and requires direct Remote ID for classes C1, C2, C3, C5 and C6. It determines which fields a drone must broadcast: serial number, position and altitude of the drone, position of the pilot, timestamp and emergency status.

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/947

    Determines who may fly where

    Implementing Regulation on rules and procedures for operations

    Covers the operational side: the open, specific and certified categories, the registration requirement for operators, and the conditions for flying over people or in controlled airspace. This is the regulation a permit or exemption refers to.

  • ASTM F3411

    Determines what the message looks like

    Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

    The underlying technical specification. It describes the message types, Basic ID, Location and Vector, Self-ID, System, Operator ID and Authentication, and how they are packed over Bluetooth and WiFi. Almost every manufacturer follows it, inside and outside Europe.

  • ASD-STAN prEN 4709-002

    Determines what applies in Europe

    Aerospace series, UAS, Part 002: Direct Remote Identification

    The European interpretation of ASTM F3411 and the means of compliance for 2019/945. It prescribes which transports a European drone must support, and therefore what a receiver in Europe has to handle.

Reception methods

Four transports, named separately

The standard lets the manufacturer choose which radio protocol the drone broadcasts on. Receive only two and you miss aircraft. The DRID listens on all four at once, with one receiver, without switching between bands.

  • Bluetooth 4 Legacy Advertising

    Band:
    2.4 GHz
    Standard:
    ASTM F3411 · EN 4709-002

    The oldest and most widespread transport. Short advertising packets on the three advertising channels, with the full Remote ID message split across several packets. First generation consumer drones broadcast this way only. Its range is the shortest of the four.

  • Bluetooth 5 Long Range

    Band:
    2.4 GHz
    Standard:
    ASTM F3411 · EN 4709-002

    Extended advertising over the Coded PHY with forward error correction, in practice S=8. Greater range and better resistance to interference than Bluetooth 4. Newer aircraft broadcast on it, sometimes instead of Bluetooth 4. A receiver limited to Bluetooth 4 does not see those drones.

  • WiFi Beacon

    Band:
    2.4 and 5 GHz
    Standard:
    ASTM F3411 · EN 4709-002

    The Remote ID data sits in a vendor specific element of the beacon frame the aircraft or its controller broadcasts. Common on drones that set up their own WiFi link to the controller, including in the 5 GHz band.

  • WiFi NaN

    Band:
    2.4 and 5 GHz
    Standard:
    ASTM F3411 · EN 4709-002

    Neighbor Awareness Networking, also known as WiFi Aware. The message travels in service discovery frames without a connection being established. In Europe EN 4709-002 makes this a mandatory transport, so a receiver without NaN has structural gaps.

The DRID receives all four transports simultaneously. Nothing is scanned or switched, so an aircraft that is briefly visible does not slip through between two scans.

Device

Enclosure, mounting and directives

The DRID hangs outdoors, for three days or all year. These are the frameworks the device and its radio parts are designed to.

  • IP67

    IEC 60529

    Dust-tight and able to withstand temporary immersion to one metre for thirty minutes. Enough for permanent outdoor mounting on a mast, roof or container, including sustained rain and pressure washing.

  • Passive reception

    No transmit power for detection

    The detection chain only listens. There is no transmitter sweeping the airspace, so the DRID falls outside the requirements for equipment that transmits in order to find, jam or take over drones.

  • RED 2014/53/EU

    Radio Equipment Directive

    The framework for radio equipment in the EU, receivers included. Relevant to the reception chain and to the optional 4G module, the only part of the system that actually transmits.

  • EMC 2014/30/EU

    Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

    Ensures the device does not disturb other equipment on your site and withstands the electromagnetic environment of a stage, transmission mast or installation.

  • RoHS 2011/65/EU

    Restriction of Hazardous Substances

    Limits the use of lead, mercury and cadmium among others in electronics. It applies to almost all electronics placed on the EU market.

  • Mounting

    Mast, roof or temporary setup

    The unit goes on a mast, a roof, a container or a tripod, powered over a single PoE cable. For a temporary deployment it is up within an hour; for a permanent installation it stays there all year.

If your procurement or safety department needs documentation for a tender, get in touch. We will go through what your process requires and what we can supply.

Measurement conditions

How we mean our range figures

A range without conditions says nothing. An evaluator may retest our figures, so we publish the circumstances they were measured under and what moves them up or down.

Reference aircraft
Consumer drone with Remote ID to EN 4709-002, standard transmit power
Mounting height
Elevated position, free-standing on a mast, roof or aerial platform
Line of sight
Clear line between aircraft and receiver, no buildings or vegetation in the path
Antenna
Omnidirectional antenna, 360 degree coverage
Open terrain
15 km
Built-up area
7.5 km
With directional antennas
More than double the omnidirectional setup, within a limited beam width

What brings the range down

  • A low mounting position. Height matters more than any antenna choice.
  • Buildings, steel structures and dense vegetation between aircraft and receiver.
  • Aircraft that broadcast on Bluetooth 4 Legacy only, at lower transmit power.
  • A congested 2.4 GHz band, for example from public WiFi at an event site.
  • Heavy rain and wet vegetation, particularly in the 5 GHz band.

We give a substantiated figure per location based on your site plan and the available mounting points, rather than one number that is supposed to hold everywhere. We explain the measurement setup behind it on request.

Questions about standards or interfaces?

We are happy to walk your technical team or your supplier through which standards apply in your situation and what the integration looks like.

Contact us